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目的了解青海省流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征,加强流行性脑脊髓膜炎防控力度,巩固防治成果,降低流脑发病率和死亡率。方法通过青海省免疫规划监测信息管理系统,收集全省2001年1月1日～2007年12月30日报告的所有流脑病例个案数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果2001～2007年青海省累计发病380例,年平均发病率1.01/10万,死亡18例,病死率为4.74%,年平均死亡率0.048/10万;发病率呈现农村高于城市,城市高于牧区;2～4月为高发季节,占全年发病数的64.21%;发病年龄组居前3位的是5～9岁,0～4岁,10～14岁,发病率分别为2.24/10万,1.76/10万,1.00/10万;学生发病占59.11%,其次为学龄前儿童,占36.05%。结论流脑发病呈高度散发,发病有明显季节性,发病年龄以<15岁人群为主;流行菌群以A群为主。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic meningococcal meningitis in Qinghai Province, strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis, consolidate the prevention and cure results, and reduce the morbidity and mortality of meningitis. Methods Through the Qinghai immunization monitoring information management system, the data of all meningitis cases reported from January 1, 2001 to December 30, 2007 in the province were collected, and the descriptive method was used to carry out epidemiological analysis of related indicators. Results A total of 380 cases were found in Qinghai Province from 2001 to 2007, with an average annual incidence of 1.01 / 100,000 and 18 deaths, with a mortality rate of 4.74% and an annual average mortality rate of 0.048 / 100,000. The incidence rates were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and in urban areas In the pasturing area; from February to April was the high incidence season, accounting for 64.21% of the annual incidence; the top 3 incidence age group was 5 to 9 years old, 0 to 4 years old, 10 to 14 years old, the incidence rates were 2.24 / 100000, 1.76 / 100000, 1.00 / 100000; incidence of students accounted for 59.11%, followed by preschool children, accounting for 36.05%. Conclusions The incidence of meningococcal disease is highly exuded. The incidence is obviously seasonal. The age of onset is mainly in the group of <15 years old. The main epidemic flora is group A.