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目的了解橡胶加工业职业危害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法对某橡胶轮胎厂进行职业卫生学调查和现场环境监测,并对602名作业工人(接触组)和598名非橡胶加工人员(对照组)进行职业健康检查。结果该厂的主要职业危害有噪声、高温。作业现场共测定26个噪声点,其中有22个点超标,超标率为84.6%;检测定硫机岗位高温作业分级为Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,为高温作业。职业健康检查中,纯音测听异常、X射线(高仟伏)胸片异常、肺功能测定异常、心电图改变、肝功能异常等罹患率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论经多年治理后,轮胎厂粉尘和毒物危害得到控制,而机械化生产又产生噪声危害。噪声和高温可能是影响橡胶轮胎厂工人健康的主要危害因素。建议采取措施,降低噪声及高温危害,保障工人的健康。
Objective To understand the impact of occupational hazards in rubber processing industry on the health of workers. Methods A rubber tire factory was investigated for occupational hygiene and on-site environmental monitoring. Occupational health examination was conducted on 602 workers (contact group) and 598 non-rubber workers (control group). The result of the plant’s main occupational hazards are noisy, high temperature. A total of 26 noise spots were measured at the job site, of which 22 were over-standard and the over-standard rate was 84.6%. The high-temperature operation of the fixed-sulfur machine was classified as grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ for high temperature operation. Occupational health examination, pure tone audiometry abnormalities, chest X-ray abnormalities, abnormal lung function test, ECG changes, abnormal liver function attack rate was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion After many years of governance, the hazards of dust and toxicants in the tire factory have been brought under control, while the mechanized production has produced noises. Noise and high temperature may be the main hazards affecting the health of rubber tire factory workers. It is recommended that measures be taken to reduce the noise and heat hazards and protect the health of workers.