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在710～730℃温度范围内用各种方法测得的氯化镁分解电压是2.5伏左右。熔体温度每提高一度,氯化镁分解电压降低万分之6～7伏。分解电压值取决于电解质组成和电流密度。例如,电流密度从0.3安培/厘米~2提高到0.5安培/厘米~2,分解电压增加0.03伏或1％。在实践中有时把反电动势(即电解槽在切断电流的瞬间所产生的电动势)的数值和分解电压混为一谈。但这是不对的。因为在电解时存在着极化,过电压和去极化的现象,实际分解电压可能大于或小于反电动势。电解槽切断电流时记录下的反电动势是电池的电动势,是Mg+Cl_2=MgCl_2反应供给原电池的功。
The decomposition voltage of magnesium chloride measured by various methods in the temperature range of 710 to 730 ° C is about 2.5V. Each increase in melt temperature, magnesium chloride decomposition voltage is reduced by 6 to 7 volts. Decomposition voltage depends on the electrolyte composition and current density. For example, the current density is increased from 0.3 A / cm2 to 0.5 A / cm2, and the decomposition voltage is increased by 0.03 V or 1%. In practice, the value of the back-emf (ie the electromotive force generated by the cell at the moment of breaking the current) is sometimes confused with the decomposition voltage. But this is wrong. Since there is polarization, overvoltage and depolarization during electrolysis, the actual decomposition voltage may be larger or smaller than the back emf. When the electrolytic cell cut off the current recorded back electromotive force is the electromotive force of the battery, is Mg + Cl_2 = MgCl 2 reaction supply of primary battery work.