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目的调查苏州某企业清洗防护板过程可能产生和存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,评价其职业病防护设施的控制效果。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查等方法。结果该项目主要的职业病危害因素有硝酸、氟化氢、盐酸及氯化氢、氢氧化钾、氧化铝粉尘、铜尘及噪声。检测结果表明,化学因素均未超出职业卫生接触限值,其中硝酸时间加权平均(TWA)浓度为0.021~0.035 mg/m3,短时间接触浓度(STEL)为0.205~0.315 mg/m3;氟化氢Cmax为0.021mg/m3;盐酸及氯化氢Cmax为0.8 mg/m3;氢氧化钾Cmax为0.037 mg/m3;氧化铝粉尘(个体粉尘)TWA浓度为0.1 mg/m3,超限倍数为0.1倍;铜尘TWA浓度为0.014~0.118 mg/m3,超限倍数为0.1~1.4倍。噪声检测合格率为70.6%,高压水枪冲洗岗位噪声8 h等效声级(LEX,8 h)为110.9~111.4 d B(A),人工熔射岗位LEX,8 h为97.2~97.4d B(A),喷砂岗位噪声为94.5~95.6 d B(A),均超出职业卫生接触限值。结论该项目部分岗位噪声超标化学危害因素控制效果较好,采取的职业病危害防护设施基本可行。
Objective To investigate occupational hazards and the degree of harm that may occur and exist in the process of cleaning fenders in an enterprise in Suzhou and evaluate the control effects of occupational disease prevention facilities. Methods Occupational health field survey, occupational health testing, occupational health examination and other methods. Results The main occupational hazards of the project were nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride, potassium hydroxide, alumina dust, copper dust and noise. The results showed that chemical factors did not exceed occupational exposure limits, including time-weighted average of nitric acid (TWA) concentration of 0.021-0.035 mg / m3 and short-term exposure concentration of 0.205-0.315 mg / m3; 0.021 mg / m3; the Cmax of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride is 0.8 mg / m3; the Cmax of potassium hydroxide is 0.037 mg / m3; the TWA concentration of alumina dust (individual dust) is 0.1 mg / The concentration ranged from 0.014 to 0.118 mg / m3. The limit of overlimit was 0.1 ~ 1.4 times. The qualified rate of noise detection was 70.6%, the noise level of high-pressure watering gun flushing station was 8 h, the equivalent sound level was 110.9-111.4 d B (A), the artificial melting station LEX was 97.2-97.4d B A), the blasting post noise is 94.5 ~ 95.6 d B (A), all exceeding occupational health exposure limits. Conclusion Some of the posts in this project have better control effects of chemical hazards than those with excessive noise, and occupational hazards prevention facilities are basically feasible.