一、前言长江中下游平原地区地势平坦,湖泊罗列,大部分农田低于附近江湖高水位。中下游地区降雨量大,汛期长,江湖洪水一般高出沿江滨湖农田达数月之久,大部地区在枯水期才能自流排渍,汛期河、湖水位高,不能开闸排水,只能依靠人力或机械排出圩内渍水,这样每年群众劳动力负担既重,而排渍又无保证,解放后,在党的领导下,本着江湖两利的原则,提出防洪、排涝并重的方针,进行长江中游平原区防洪除涝规划,并在一部分地区进行了蓄洪垦殖;并垸并流;建闸防止江水倒灌等一系列的措施,使渍灾已大大减轻,但有些地区地势特别低洼,在长江未根治前不能彻底解决渍涝问题,如洞庭湖渍灾就显得特别突出,另外一些滨湖 I. INTRODUCTION The plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are flat and lakes are listed. Most of the farmland is below the high water level of nearby rivers and lakes. Rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the region, long flood season, rivers and lakes flood generally higher than the lakeside farmland for several months, most of the area in the dry season to trickle, flood season, the lake level is high, can not open the gate, can only rely on Human or mechanical discharge water within the fair, so that the mass burden of labor each year both heavy and unpredictable discharge, after the liberation, under the leadership of the party, based on the principle of both rivers and lakes, proposed flood control, drainage and equal emphasis on the principle of Flood planing and waterlogging planning in the plains area of ​​the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and flood storage and reclamation were carried out in some areas; a series of measures such as embankment and cessation of river embankment to prevent gates from water intrusion caused a great deal of disaster reduction. However, in some areas, The problem of waterlogging can not be completely solved before the radical cure. For example, the disaster of Dongting Lake is especially prominent. Other coastal lakes