巴西的所谓资本原始积累的方式,可以说是极为少见和特殊的。一方面,巴西走上资本主义发展的道路较晚,到十九世纪下半期才开始。另一方面,直到1888年5月以前,巴西还保存着奴隶制,而且在殖民地时期和独立后初期,许多地区强制劳动仍占优势。甚至到1889年11月推翻帝制之后,仍然保护着种植园主的利益,对已产生的民族资产阶级没有给予必要的支持。同时,巴西还 The so-called primitive accumulation of capital in Brazil can be said to be extremely rare and peculiar. On the one hand, Brazil embarked on a later stage of capitalist development and did not begin until the second half of the 19th century. On the other hand, slavery remained in Brazil until May 1888, and forced labor prevailed in many areas during the colonial period and early after independence. Even after the overthrow of the monarchy in November 1889, it still protected the interests of the plantation owners and provided no necessary support to the ethnic bourgeoisie that had emerged. At the same time, Brazil also