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中国自从1979年实行改革开放以来,致力于发展市场经济体系,朝市场化、自由化的方向推进。从90年代中期开始,在贸易领域实行大刀阔斧的改革:不断降低进口关税税率、削减非关税壁垒、简化进口程序、实现在经常项目下的货币自由兑换、给予一大批企业以进出口自营权。这些措施大大推进了中国的贸易自由化进程,为全面的贸易自由化开辟道路。 传统的比较优势理论认为,贸易自由化会带来资源的优化配置:一国可以将生产从不具备比较优势的部门中撤出来,集中力量生产具有比较优势的产品,然后与他国交换来提高自身的福利水平。连带的一个结论就是:在贸易自由化下,原先受保护的
Since its implementation of the reform and opening up in 1979, China has been committed to developing a market economy and advancing toward marketization and liberalization. Since the mid-1990s, drastic reforms have been implemented in the area of trade: continuous reduction of import tariffs, reduction of non-tariff barriers, simplification of import procedures, free exchange of currency under current account items and the granting of a large number of enterprises the right to self-import and export. These measures have greatly promoted China’s trade liberalization process and opened the way for comprehensive trade liberalization. The traditional theory of comparative advantage holds that trade liberalization will lead to the optimal allocation of resources: a country can withdraw its production from a sector that does not have a comparative advantage, concentrate on producing products with comparative advantages, and then exchange with other countries to improve itself Welfare level. A related conclusion is that under the liberalization of trade, the formerly protected