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采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。
A total of 200 maize samples were sampled by the grid. The whole plantlets were dissected to investigate the quantities of the Asian corn borer, the moth borer and the cotton bollworm on maize. Geostatistical methods were used to analyze and simulate their horizontal distribution in the field. Using the niche theory to analyze 3 Niche and interspecific competition of species of pests on maize plants. The results showed that the overall distribution of the Asian corn borer, the moth borer, and the three lepidopteran pests in the corn field were fitted to spherical, Gaussian and spherical models, respectively, and all belonged to the aggregated distribution. The Kriging interpolation simulation showed that the Asian corn borer and the moth borer bore the core distribution pattern. In the vertical distribution, the number of the three pests on the ear was the highest, accounting for 69.82% of the total number of pests. Asia corn borer the largest niche breadth, the whole plant corn can be harmful; peach borer is mainly in the corn, the upper part; bollworm basic niche narrowest, only in the vicinity of the ear damage. The three species of pests were highly competitive on corn stalks, and heterogeneous pests could not coexist. The degree of interspecific competition among females was less than that of stalks, and heterogeneous pests could coexist.