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公路选线中,地形、气候、水文、地质、土壤、水文地质和植物复盖等自然因素的制约,对选择路线的方向、确定使用价值与技术标准、对结构物的数量及结构形式都是影响很大的,同时也相应地影响公路工程数量和造价。在山区公路的选线中,上述自然因素的影响更为突出,使公路的布局、保证车辆行驶安全、工程造价、营运养护以及建筑物的稳定耐久性都带来很多矛盾。
Constraints of natural factors such as topography, climate, hydrology, geology, soil, hydrogeology and plant cover on the route selection of road, direction of choosing route, determination of use value and technical standard, quantity and structure of structure are all Great impact, but also correspondingly affect the number of highway projects and cost. The impact of natural factors mentioned above is more prominent in the route selection of mountainous roads, causing many contradictions in the layout of roads, ensuring the driving safety of vehicles, construction cost, operation and maintenance, and the stability and durability of buildings.