自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(ATD)是一种以甲状腺为靶器官的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,主要包括桥本甲状腺炎(HT)和Graves病(GD)。硒是体内必需的微量元素,甲状腺是体内含硒最丰富的器官。硒蛋白可调节甲状腺素代谢,维持心血管健康,并具有预防神经退化和癌症及适度免疫反应等多种作用。本文综述硒与ATD的研究进展,旨在为ATD的治疗提供新思路。 Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets the thyroid gland, mainly including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD). Selenium is an essential trace element in the body, and the thyroid gland is the most abundant organoid in the body. Selenoprotein can regulate thyroid hormone metabolism, maintain cardiovascular health, and prevent neurodegeneration and cancer and moderate immune response and other effects. This review summarizes the research progress of selenium and ATD to provide new ideas for the treatment of ATD.