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古代为了防止文书泄密、失窃,在捆扎文书囊笥的绳结处以胶泥加封,上盖铃印,这种用于封缄的胶泥就叫做封泥。它始见于西周,东周起迅速发展,至秦汉达峰巅,之后延续到隋唐。关于封泥的断代,西周、东周、隋唐封泥与秦汉封泥的形式相差很大而较易区别,秦与汉封泥的区分则不是那么容易,是封泥断代研究的难点和重点。这是因为:一方面,以往所获公认的存世秦封泥数量极为有限,人们至今尚未发现西周、春秋直至战国初年的“秦封泥”;
In ancient times, in order to prevent documents from being leaked or stolen, clay was sealed at the knot of the binding bag, and the bell was sealed on the cover. The clay used for sealing was called mud seal. It began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the rapid development of the East Zhou Dynasty, reaching the peak Qinhan, then extended to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. On the seal of the dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties sealing mud and the Qin and Han Dynasties in the form of a large difference between the mud and more easy to distinguish, the distinction between Qin and Han Feng mud is not so easy, is the study of sealing mud difficulties and priorities. This is because: on the one hand, the number of previously recognized seals of Qin people living in the world has been extremely limited. Up till now, people have not found “Qin Feng mud” in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn until the early years of the Warring States.