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目的了解浙江省海宁市城乡居民吸烟行为特征,为有效开展控烟提供科学依据。方法基于2012年3—9月海宁市结直肠癌筛查流行病学问卷调查表中的吸烟信息,采用整群抽样方法,对海宁市区2个街道、3个乡镇的90 266名40~74岁人群吸烟状况进行分析。结果共调查90 266人,吸烟率为33.03%,男性吸烟率为66.29%,明显高于女性的0.67%(χ~2=43 920.687,P=0.000);农村居民吸烟率为35.42%,高于城市的27.39%(χ~2=549.159,P=0.000);农村男性吸烟率为70.52%,高于城市男性的55.88%(χ~2=878.091,P=0.000),农村女性吸烟率为0.52%,低于城市女性的1.01%(χ~2=36.227,P=0.000),差异均有统计学意义。男性吸烟率以50岁~年龄组最高,女性以70岁~年龄组最高。开始吸烟的最小年龄为9岁,最大年龄为70岁,平均年龄为(22.90±4.94)岁。每天吸烟量≥20支者占65.41%,吸烟指数≥400的占68.14%。戒烟人数占7.49%,其中城市戒烟率为10.16%,农村为6.62%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=100.547,P=0.000)。男性戒烟2213人(7.50%),女性戒烟20人(6.56%),男女差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.386,P=0.653)。结论海宁市农村吸烟率高于城市,戒烟率低于城市;平均开始吸烟年龄较低,重度吸烟者所占比例较高,烟草控制仍然面临较大挑战。
Objective To understand the smoking behaviors of urban and rural residents in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a scientific basis for effective tobacco control. Methods Based on the smoking information in the epidemiological survey of colorectal cancer screening from March to September in 2012 in Haining City, a total of 90 266 40-74 Analysis of smoking status in the aged population. Results A total of 90 266 people were surveyed with a smoking rate of 33.03% and a smoking rate of 66.29% in men, which was significantly higher than that in women (χ ~ 2 = 43 920.687, P = 0.000). The smoking rate in rural residents was 35.42% (Χ ~ 2 = 549.159, P = 0.000). The prevalence rate of smoking in rural men was 70.52%, which was 55.88% higher than that of urban men (χ ~ 2 = 878.091, P = 0.000) , Less than 1.01% of urban women (χ ~ 2 = 36.227, P = 0.000), the differences were statistically significant. Male smoking rate in 50 years old ~ the highest age group, women 70 years old ~ age group highest. The minimum age for starting smoking was 9 years old, the maximum age was 70 years and the average age was (22.90 ± 4.94) years old. 65.41% of those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day, and 68.14% of whom smoke more than 400. Quit smoking accounted for 7.49% of the population, including smoking cessation rate was 10.16% in urban areas and 6.62% in rural areas, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 100.547, P = 0.000). There were 2213 (7.50%) men quit smoking and 20 (6.56%) women quit smoking, there was no significant difference between men and women (χ ~ 2 = 0.386, P = 0.653). Conclusions Smoking prevalence rate in rural areas of Haining City is higher than that of cities, and smoking cessation rate is lower than that of cities. The mean age of starting smoking is lower, and the proportion of heavy smokers is higher. Tobacco control still faces greater challenges.