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门脉高压,食管静脉曲张出血是肝硬化重要合并症之一。增高到一定程度的门静脉压力(肝静脉压力梯度大于12mm)是发生食管静脉曲张及其破裂出血的必要条件。因此,应用某些血管活性药物降低门静脉压力是治疗和预防食管静脉曲张出血的途径之一。血管内的压力取决于血流量和血管阻力。因此,能减少门脉血流量或降低血管阻力的药物均可降低门静脉压力。近年来在临床上应用的主要是能减少进入门静脉系统血流量的血管收缩剂如血管加压素及生长抑素和β受体阻滞剂如心得安,也有的文献倡用目的在于降低血管阻力的血管扩张剂如硝酸甘油。
Portal hypertension, esophageal variceal bleeding is one of the important complications of cirrhosis. Increased to a certain extent, portal pressure (hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 12mm) is the occurrence of esophageal varices and rupture of the necessary conditions. Therefore, the use of certain vasoactive drugs to reduce portal pressure is one of the ways to treat and prevent esophageal variceal bleeding. Intravascular pressure depends on blood flow and vascular resistance. Therefore, can reduce portal blood flow or reduce vascular resistance drugs can reduce portal pressure. In recent years, the clinical application is mainly to reduce the blood flow into the portal vein vasoconstrictors such as vasopressin and somatostatin and β-blockers such as propranolol, and some literatures advocate the purpose of reducing vascular resistance Of vasodilators such as nitroglycerin.