探讨了1998年长江、松花江和嫩江流域发生特大洪涝灾害的原因。有自然因素的影响。但人为因素诸如滥伐森林、围湖造田和在河滩地搞违章建设等促成此次洪水灾害的严重性。山区林区生态环境恶化,山下平川地区遭殃,历来如此。应强化保护森林,加快长江中上游防护林体系生态工程建设,充分发挥山地森林的水文生态效应机制,对江河湖泊及其流域进行综合治理,协调行动。 This paper discusses the causes of the catastrophic floods in the Yangtze River, Songhua River and Nenjiang River valleys in 1998. There are natural factors. However, man-made factors such as deforestation, land reclamation from the lakes and illegal construction of floodplains contributed to the seriousness of the flood disaster. The deterioration of the ecological environment in mountainous forest areas and the plains in the mountainous Hirakawa area have always been the case. We should strengthen the protection of forests, speed up the ecological engineering of the shelterbelt system in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, give full play to the hydrological and ecological effects of mountain forests, and comprehensively govern rivers and lakes and their watersheds and coordinate their actions.