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目的建立深圳市沙井街道涉有机溶剂企业作业场所优先控制、排序的风险评估数学模型,探讨其在职业病预防工作的作用,以达到从管理上优先治理和控制涉有机溶剂职业病危害较重的作业场所。方法以沙井街道涉有机溶剂作业场所为研究对象,借鉴美国毒物与疾病登记署(ATSDR)和环境保护署(EPA)的优先污染物筛选和排序方法及国内外先进经验,建立风险评估数学模型。结果涉有机溶剂企业共调查160家,在涉有机溶剂企业作业场所中检测的9种有机溶剂中,共检测1 964个点,能取得出数值的有168个点,其中超标的有56个点。超标点中存在的有毒物质为甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯和正己烷,超标率分别为2.7%、1.4%、47.6%、1.4%。涉有机溶剂企业优先控制排序的有机毒物依次是三氯乙烯、甲苯、正己烷、二甲苯、苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸丁酯。结论建立涉有机溶剂企业优先控制排序数学模型对该街道预防职业病有重要的指导意义。
OBJECTIVE To establish a mathematic model of risk assessment of workplace control and sequencing in organic solvent enterprises in Shajing Street, Shenzhen, and to explore its role in prevention of occupational diseases in order to achieve priority from the management and control of occupational hazards involving organic solvents . Methods Taking the man-made organic solvent workplace in Shajing Street as the research object, the mathematical model of risk assessment was established based on the screening and sorting method of priority pollutants from the ATSDR and EPA and the advanced experience at home and abroad. A total of 160 companies involved in organic solvents were investigated. Of the 9 organic solvents tested in the organic solvent enterprises’ workplaces, a total of 1 964 points were detected and 168 points could be obtained, of which 56 points exceeded the standard . The toxic substances that exist in the standard point are toluene, xylene, trichlorethylene and n-hexane. The over-standard rates are 2.7%, 1.4%, 47.6% and 1.4% respectively. Toxicology related to the order of priority of organic solvent enterprises are trichlorethylene, toluene, n-hexane, xylene, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and butyl acetate. Conclusion Establishing a mathematic model of prioritizing control of organic solvent enterprises has important guiding significance for the prevention of occupational diseases in this street.