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西夏语中有二十多个颜色词,本文从词源和词义两方面讨论了其中与“五色”(青黄赤白黑)有关的16个。这16个词可按使用的条件分为四组。第一组词在西夏文献中最为常见,可以认为是党项语的固有词。第二组词在词源上与第一组形成严整的对立,估计是来自藏语某个方言的借词。第三、四组是西夏人新造的词语,它们在意义上有别于第一、二组词。本文提出了改变声调是西夏语中产生新词的一个重要手段,这也许会深化我们对整个西夏词汇的认识。
In Xixia language, there are more than twenty color words. The essay discusses 16 of them related to “five colors” (Cyan red and white black) from both etymology and meaning. The 16 words can be divided into four groups according to the conditions of use. The first group of words is the most common in Xixia literature and can be considered as an inherent word of Party terms. The second group of etymologies echoes the strictness of the first group, which is estimated to be borrowed from a dialect of the Tibetan language. The third and fourth groups are new words made by Xixia people, which differ from the first and second groups of words in meaning. This paper proposes that changing tone is an important means of generating new words in Xixia language, which may deepen our understanding of the whole Xixia vocabulary.