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目的了解恶性血液病院内获得性肺炎发病情况，发病诱因及病原学特点，为临床防治提供依据。方法对１９８８～１９９７年恶性血液病住院患者进行回顾性调查、分析、总结。结果恶性血液病院内获得性肺炎感染率为１０．２３％，病死率４６．９％，主要致病菌依次为铜绿假单胞菌５７．３５％、肺炎克雷伯氏菌３８．２４％、金黄色葡萄球菌１９．１１％及真菌２９．４１％，药敏试验铜绿假单胞菌对第三代头孢菌素耐药性增加，克雷伯氏菌对多种抗生素均产生耐药。结论恶性血液病院内获得性肺炎有着较高的发生率与死亡率，其发生发展与住院时间、白细胞减少程度、激素／免疫抑制剂、化疗及多种抗生素应用有关。病原菌的耐药率呈增加趋势
Objective To understand the prevalence of acquired pneumonia in the hematological malignancies, the predisposing causes and etiological characteristics, and provide evidence for clinical control. Methods The retrospective investigation, analysis and summary of the patients with hematologic malignancies from 1988 to 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The prevalence of acquired pneumonia in malignant hematological hospital was 10.23%, the mortality was 46.9%. The main pathogens were Pseudomonad aeruginosa 57.35% and Klebsiella pneumoniae 38.24%. 19.11% of Staphylococcus aureus and 29.41% of fungi, drug susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, Klebsiella was resistant to various antibiotics. Conclusions Hepatic acquired pneumonia in hematological malignancies has a high incidence and mortality. Its occurrence and development are related to length of stay, leukocytopenia, hormone/immunosuppressive agents, chemotherapy and various antibiotics. The resistance rate of pathogens is increasing