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维生素A（VA）是一种脂溶性维生素，是上皮细胞正常生长和发育所必需的营养物质，而且VA对视网膜、肺、胃肠道、脑及免疫系统等的正常生长和发育有非常重要的作用。研究证实，早产儿出生时低水平VA可持续到整个婴儿期。近年来对关于VA水平与早产儿疾病的发生尤为关注，研究热点主要是与早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性肺部疾病、早产儿视网膜病、坏死性小肠结肠炎、动脉导管未闭以及早产儿感染等的相关机制，但仍需进一步探讨。因此本文就目前国内外对VA水平与早产儿疾病的研究现状进行总结分析。此外，尽管有足够的证据表明补充VA对早产儿有益，然而目前推荐的VA补充途径以及补充剂量等尚缺乏相关循证依据，仍有待于进一步研究。“,”Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, and it is not only necessary for the normal growth and development of epithelial cells, but also plays a very important role in the normal growth and development of the retina, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain, and immune system. Studies have conifrmed that the low level of vitamin A in premature infants at birth can last through the entire infancy. Recently, there have been particular concerns about the level of vitamin A and development of diseases in premature infants, with major focuses on the related mechanisms of action of vitamin A in respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and infections in premature infants, which still awaits further investigation.This paper summarizes and analyzes the current status of research on vitamin A level and diseases of premature infants at home and abroad. In addition, although enough evidence suggests that vitamin A supplementation is beneifcial to preterm infants, evidence is still lacking for recommended methods for supplementation and dose of vitamin A, and further studies are needed.