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目的分析深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情的流行特征,为有效预防和控制学校暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法收集整理深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情资料,并运用描述流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果深圳市罗湖区2009—2013年共报告学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情276起,发病2 258例,平均罹患率为5.55%,无死亡病例。其中流行性感冒91起(32.97%)、甲型H1N1流感76起(27.54%)、水痘39起(14.13%)、手足口病32起(11.59%)、急性出血性结膜炎10起(3.62%)、流行性腮腺炎14起(5.07%)、感染性腹泻病4起(1.45%)。小学报告178起(64.49%),托幼机构报告68起(24.64%);中学报告30起(10.87%);传染病暴发疫情以3、9、11月为多,合计占疫情数的51.09%(141/276)。结论每学期开学后的一二个月是学校传染病暴发疫情高发期,托幼机构应以肠道传染病为防控重点,中、小学校以呼吸道传染病为防控重点,针对性主动免疫是有效预防的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks in schools and nurseries in Luohu District, Shenzhen from 2009 to 2013, and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of outbreaks in schools. Methods The data of outbreaks of infectious diseases outbreaks in schools and nurseries in 2009-2013 in Luohu District, Shenzhen were collected and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 276 cases of outbreaks of infectious diseases were reported in schools and nurseries from 2009 to 2013 in Luohu District, Shenzhen. There were 2 258 cases with an average attack rate of 5.55% with no deaths. Among them, 91 (32.97%) were influenza, 76 (27.54%) were influenza A (H1N1), 39 (14.13%) were chickenpox, 32 (11.59%) were hand foot and mouth disease, 10 were acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (3.62% ), Mumps 14 (5.07%) and infectious diarrhea 4 (1.45%). 178 (64.49%) were reported in primary schools, 68 (24.64%) were reported by nurseries and children and 30 (10.87%) were secondary schools. Outbreaks of communicable diseases were mostly in March, September and November, accounting for 51.09% of the total. (141/276). Conclusions One or two months after the start of each semester is the outbreak of infectious diseases in schools, the nurseries should focus on prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases, primary and secondary schools with respiratory infectious diseases as the focus of prevention and treatment, targeted active immunization is The key to effective prevention.