论文部分内容阅读
根据两年来对两种不同质地、不同耕作方式的试验结果，稻田耕展状况对水稻生长发育和土壤理化性状的影响显著．常规平作改为垄作，可增加太阳辐射光的接受面，提高耕层土温１℃以上；稻田垄作后，改善了耕层水、气、热状况，加速土壤有机质的分解速度，有利于土壤速效养分的释放供应，促使水稻根系发达，分蘖早、快、多，生长势强，提旱２－３天出穗和成熟．垄作稻田比常规平作增产６－１５％，而不同垄距对稻谷产量无明显的差异．产量因素如有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和剑叶、株高间相互制约和补偿．随着垄距加宽，有效穗和穗粒数成为每穴产量的决定性因子．主分量分析结果来看，第一主分量垄作与平作趋势一致，即以增加分蘖和有效穗来提高实粒数和籽粒产量；第二主分量系数中，窄垄作以株高组分为最大，宽垄作与平作以稳粒数的组分为最大；第三主分量系数中，二者均以千粒重为特征．
According to the results of two years of experiments on two different soil types and different tillage practices, the effect of paddy cultivation on rice growth and soil physical and chemical properties was significant. Routine flat into a ridge, can increase the receiving surface of solar radiation to improve the top soil temperature above 1 ℃; paddy ridge after improvement of plow water, gas and heat conditions, accelerate the decomposition rate of soil organic matter is conducive to soil available Nutrient release and supply, prompting the development of rice root system, tillering early, faster, more strong growth potential, raised 2-3 days ear drought and maturity. Ridge-paddy fields yield 6-15% more than conventional flat-cropping, while no ridge-paddy output had obvious difference on paddy yield. Yield factors such as effective spikes, grain number per spike, grain weight and flag leaf, plant height between the constraints and compensation. With the broadening of the ridge spacing, the effective spikes and grains per spike became the decisive factors for the yield per hole. According to the results of principal component analysis, the trend of the first principal component ridge and flat crop is the same, that is, the increase of tiller and effective panicle can increase the grain yield and grain yield. In the second principal component coefficient, The composition of the wide ridge and the flat for the stable grain number is the largest; in the third principal component coefficient, both are characterized by the 1000-grain weight.