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在美国,父母离婚影响着1250万儿童,据美国人口调查局统计,美国出生的儿童有45％与分居的父母一方生活达一年以上。在父母离婚的过程中,孩子并不是旁观者,他们的生活受到直接的影响,他们需要成年人的帮助。对于学龄儿童来说,学校则是他们生活环境中唯一稳定的场所。学校的校医经常会遇到这样的要求:评定学生行为有无异常。因此,校医应该了解孩子们在父母离婚时经常表露出什么样的情绪变化;以及这种情绪变化可能产生什么样的异常行为。一般孩子表现出恼怒、内疚和孤僻。但不同的孩子有不同的表现方式,并与年龄大小有直接的关系。Wallerstein和Kelly对131名儿童进行五年的追踪观察,发现不同年龄的儿童对父母离婚的心理变化特点也不同。
In the United States, where parents divorce affects 12.5 million children, 45% of U.S.-born children live more than a year with separated parents, according to the Census Bureau. In the process of divorce, children are not spectators, their lives are directly affected, they need the help of adults. For school-age children, schools are the only stable places in their living environment. Schools, school doctors often encounter such a request: assessment of student behavior without exception. Therefore, school physicians should understand what kind of emotional changes children often show when their parents divorce; and what kind of abnormal behavior this emotional change may produce. The average child shows irritability, guilt and withdrawn. But different children have different ways of expression, and have a direct relationship with the age. Wallerstein and Kelly conducted a five-year follow-up of 131 children and found that children of different ages have different psychological characteristics of parents’ divorce.