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【摘 要】 “情态动词 不定式完成体”结构既是高考的热点,也是同学们在学习中普遍感到难于学习和理解的知识点。can与could在表示疑问推测和否定推测时,没有时态上的区别,只是用could时,在语气上显得更为委婉些。subject may/might have past participle ...句型中的may 和might 也没有时态上的区别,但是might 和may 相比,语气更加不肯定,可能性更小,多用于虚拟语气中。
【关键词】 “情态动词 不定式完成体”结构 句型 推测 虚拟语气
在“情态动词 不定式完成体”结构中,由于情态动词的不同,其句型表达的意义也就不同。这一句型既是高考的热点,也是同学们在学习中普遍感到难于学习和理解的知识点。现在将该句型进行总结,供在教学和学习中参考。
1. 对过去情况推测句型的分析
1.1 can/could subject have past participle ...该句型表达对过去情况的推测,用于疑问句。例如:
—Can they have missed the train?
—Yes, they may have.
1.2 subject must have past participle ...该句型表示对过去的情况进行肯定的推测。例如:
I didn’t hear the phone. I _______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
答案:B
1.3 subject can/could not have past participle ....该句型表示对过去情况否定的推测。例如:
(1)—There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
—It _______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. have shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
答案:D
(2)You ________ just now; he has gone to Japan.
A. can’t see him B. can’t have seen him
C. mustn’t see him D. mustn’t have seen him
答案:B
注意:can 与could 在表示疑问推测和否定推测时,没有时态上的区别,只是用could时,在语气上显得更为委婉些。
1.4 subject may/might have past participle ...该句型表示对过去情况的可能推测。例如:
He felt unhappy. He ________ us.
A. may have misunderstand
B. may misunderstand
C. might have misunderstood
D. might misunderstand
答案:C
注意:该句型中的may 和might 也没有时态上的区别,但是might 和may 相比,语气更加不肯定,可能性更小,多用于虚拟语气中。
2. 对过去做过或者不做以及不需要做的事情的句型的分析
2.1 subject should /ought to have past participle ... 该句型表示对过去不应该做而做了的事表示责备之意。例如:
I told sally how to get there, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
答案:C
2.2 subject ought not to have past participle ...这个句型表达了对过去不应该做而做了的事表示责备之意。例如:
Tom ought not to ________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
答案:A
2.3 subject needn’t have past participle ...该句型表达做了过去不必要做或者不需要做的事情,常常译为“本来必”、“本来不需要”等含义。例如:
There was plenty of time;she _______.
A. mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried
答案:D
3. 在虚拟语气中对既成事实相反句型的分析
subject could have past participle ...该句型不再表示推测,而是用来表示与既成事实相反,多用于虚拟语气中,常译为“本能够”、“本可以”。例如:
—We could have walked to the hotel. It was so near.
—Yes. A taxi wasn’t at all necessary.
以上是对英语中的“情态动词 不定式完成体”结构分析的几种不同情况,在英语学习中要多加重视,不断强化,才能对这部分的内容有更好的理解和提升。
蔡晔. 英语语法强化训练[M]. 南宁:广西教育出版社, 2011.
【关键词】 “情态动词 不定式完成体”结构 句型 推测 虚拟语气
在“情态动词 不定式完成体”结构中,由于情态动词的不同,其句型表达的意义也就不同。这一句型既是高考的热点,也是同学们在学习中普遍感到难于学习和理解的知识点。现在将该句型进行总结,供在教学和学习中参考。
1. 对过去情况推测句型的分析
1.1 can/could subject have past participle ...该句型表达对过去情况的推测,用于疑问句。例如:
—Can they have missed the train?
—Yes, they may have.
1.2 subject must have past participle ...该句型表示对过去的情况进行肯定的推测。例如:
I didn’t hear the phone. I _______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
答案:B
1.3 subject can/could not have past participle ....该句型表示对过去情况否定的推测。例如:
(1)—There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
—It _______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. have shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
答案:D
(2)You ________ just now; he has gone to Japan.
A. can’t see him B. can’t have seen him
C. mustn’t see him D. mustn’t have seen him
答案:B
注意:can 与could 在表示疑问推测和否定推测时,没有时态上的区别,只是用could时,在语气上显得更为委婉些。
1.4 subject may/might have past participle ...该句型表示对过去情况的可能推测。例如:
He felt unhappy. He ________ us.
A. may have misunderstand
B. may misunderstand
C. might have misunderstood
D. might misunderstand
答案:C
注意:该句型中的may 和might 也没有时态上的区别,但是might 和may 相比,语气更加不肯定,可能性更小,多用于虚拟语气中。
2. 对过去做过或者不做以及不需要做的事情的句型的分析
2.1 subject should /ought to have past participle ... 该句型表示对过去不应该做而做了的事表示责备之意。例如:
I told sally how to get there, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
答案:C
2.2 subject ought not to have past participle ...这个句型表达了对过去不应该做而做了的事表示责备之意。例如:
Tom ought not to ________ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling D. having told
答案:A
2.3 subject needn’t have past participle ...该句型表达做了过去不必要做或者不需要做的事情,常常译为“本来必”、“本来不需要”等含义。例如:
There was plenty of time;she _______.
A. mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried
答案:D
3. 在虚拟语气中对既成事实相反句型的分析
subject could have past participle ...该句型不再表示推测,而是用来表示与既成事实相反,多用于虚拟语气中,常译为“本能够”、“本可以”。例如:
—We could have walked to the hotel. It was so near.
—Yes. A taxi wasn’t at all necessary.
以上是对英语中的“情态动词 不定式完成体”结构分析的几种不同情况,在英语学习中要多加重视,不断强化,才能对这部分的内容有更好的理解和提升。
蔡晔. 英语语法强化训练[M]. 南宁:广西教育出版社, 2011.