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词汇是语言的建筑材料系统。语言中的词汇对于社会生活的变革最为敏感。比如,我国建国三十多年来,政治、经济、文教、科技、思想、道德各方面的变化,在汉语词汇中都有不同程度的反映。具体表现在:新词不断增加,旧词逐渐消亡,原有的词改变或增加了新的意义,不同类型的词汇发生了转化。如有的方言词转化为全民通用语,有的专门术语加入了一般词汇的行列。根据这些语言事实,我们可以这样说:词汇的演变发展在一定程度上反映着社会生活和社会发展的历史。如果我们能够对汉语词汇的这种演变发展进行详密的研究,就不难勾勒出我国当代社会的部分面貌来。
Vocabulary is a language of building materials system. Vocabulary in language is most sensitive to changes in social life. For example, in the thirty years since the founding of our nation, all the changes in politics, economy, culture and education, science and technology, ideology and ethics have reflected in different degrees in the Chinese vocabulary. The concrete manifestation is: the new word increases ceaselessly, the old word gradually dies out, the original word changes or adds the new meaning, the different types of words have been transformed. If some dialect words into universal language, some jargon joined the ranks of the general vocabulary. Based on these linguistic facts, we can say that the evolution of the vocabulary reflects, to a certain extent, the history of social life and social development. If we can conduct a detailed study on this evolution and development of the Chinese vocabulary, it is not difficult to outline some aspects of our contemporary society.