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一黑土主要是在温带草甸草原植物下形成的一种土壤,因其含有大量的有机质呈黑色而得名,其学名在美国称为软土,在中国称为均腐土。这种被称为世界上最肥沃的土壤有机碳储量也最高,土壤中5%的有机碳即储存其中。因此,此种土壤不仅在农业上有很高价值,而且对环境保护也有重要作用。在世界范围内,此种土壤约有900万km~2,占世界陆地总面积的7%。集中分布於三大片,即俄罗斯大平原、美国密西西比河流域和我国东北。此外,阿根廷也有成片分布。其中以俄罗斯大平原分布面积为最广,约90万km~2,尤以沃龙涅什为中心的中央黑土区最为富饶。俄罗斯黑土与中国黑土略有不同,前者土地平坦、气候较干、易旱,后者地形起伏、较湿润、易涝。我早年作为留学生曾到过那里,近年又有机会前往。当年我们乘卡车、带睡袋、野营露宿比较艰苦;这次是应当年的同学、全俄农业与土壤保持所所长谢尔巴库夫院
A black soil is a soil formed mainly in temperate meadow grasslands, named after it contains a large amount of organic matter in black. Its scientific name is called soft soil in the United States, and mean soil in China. This is also said to be the most fertile soil in the world with the highest organic carbon stocks, where 5% of the organic carbon is stored. Therefore, such soil not only has high agricultural value, but also plays an important role in environmental protection. In the world, such soil is about 9 million km2, accounting for 7% of the total land area of the world. Concentrated in the three major films, namely the Russian plains, the United States Mississippi River Basin and China’s northeast. In addition, there are also pieces of Argentina. Among them, the central black soil area with the largest distribution area of Russia’s Great Plains of about 900,000 km ~ 2, especially Voronezh is the most abundant. The Russian black soil is slightly different from the black soil in China. The former has a flat land, a drier climate and a drier drought. The latter is undulating, wetter and more prone to waterlogging. I had been there as a foreign student in my early years, and in recent years I had the opportunity to go there. In those days, we had to travel by truck and bring sleeping bags and camping camping was rather difficult; this time we should be classmates of the same year. The director of All-Russia Agriculture and Soil Conservation Bank, Sherbakuk