经支气管针抽吸术(TBNA)通常凭借一根可弯曲的支气管镜进行操作,可以提供靠近支气管分支的纵隔病变以及支气管周、黏膜下、支气管内和体表病变的细胞学或组织学样本。尽管TBNA有许多适应证,但该项技术的广泛应用仍然受限,其原因涉及操作的安全性(并发症以及损坏支气管镜)、熟练 Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), usually performed with a flexible bronchoscope, provides mediastinal or histological samples of mediastinal lesions near the bronchial branches and bronchial, submucosal, intrabronchial, and superficial lesions. Despite the many indications for TBNA, the widespread use of this technique is still limited due to the safety of the procedure (complications and damage to the bronchoscope), proficiency