我国古代商品交换经济很早就出现了,并且在有些历史阶段还相当繁荣。古代市场交易活动的参与者也希望有一个良好的市场秩序,能够公平交易而各得其所。所谓“和而利”(《易·系辞下》)的市场观念,便包涵着平等互利的精神。然而,市场交易秩序的形成和维护单凭个人的自觉、社会舆论的倡导是远远不够的,它必须依靠国家权力的保障。商品 The economy of ancient commodity exchange in our country appeared very early and was quite prosperous in some historical stages. Participants in the ancient market trading activities also hope to have a good market order and be able to conduct their own business fairly. The market concept of “harmony and profitability” (“easy rhetoric”) entails the spirit of equality and mutual benefit. However, the formation and maintenance of the order of the market transactions are based on individual conscience and advocacy by the public opinion is far from enough. It must rely on the guarantee of state power. commodity