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目的探讨石油工人心理健康状况,以及职业紧张、人格特征和社会支持对其影响,为制定心理健康教育措施提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取1 100名石油工人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、职业紧张量表、艾森克人格问卷中文版和社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查。以SCL-90评分纳入阳性症状者为阳性症状组,未纳入者为正常组。结果①1 100名石油工人SCL-90评分结果显示238(21.64%)名具有阳性症状;人际关系敏感因子得分低于全国常模,躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性等因子得分均高于全国常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);敌对因子和偏执因子得分与全国常模比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与新疆地区部分汉族职业人群SCL-90常模比较,躯体化、恐怖2个因子得分均低于该常模,抑郁、精神病性因子得分均高于该常模得分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。②阳性症状组石油工人在个体紧张反应、神经质维度得分均高于正常组,主观支持、社会支持利用度维度得分均低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示心理紧张反应、自我保健、神经质、精神质、支持利用度是影响石油工人心理应激的主要因素。结论石油工人存在一定程度的心理健康问题且具有自身的特点,适度降低工作压力的同时增强自我保健意识,合理有效的调解情绪是预防其出现心理应激障碍的重要措施之一。
Objective To explore the mental health status of oil workers, as well as occupational stress, personality traits and social support, to provide a theoretical basis for the development of mental health education measures. Methods A total of 1,100 oil workers were randomly sampled by cluster sampling. The questionnaire was conducted using the SCL-90, Occupational Stress Inventory, Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Social Support Rating Scale. Those who were included in the positive symptoms by the SCL-90 score were positive symptom group, those who were not included were normal group. Results ① The results of SCL-90 score of 1 100 oil workers showed that 238 (21.64%) had positive symptoms. The interpersonal sensitivity scores were lower than those of the national norm, somatization, obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, terror and psychosis (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in hostile factor and paranoid factor between the national norm and the national norm (P> 0.05). Compared with the SCL- 90 norms, somatization and horror were lower than the norm. The scores of depression and psychotic factors were higher than those of the norm, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). (2) In the positive symptom group, the scores of stress response and neuroticism were higher in the individual than those in the normal group. The scores of subjective support and social support utilization were all lower than those in the normal group (P <0.05). (3) Logistic regression analysis showed that psychological stress reaction, self-care, neuroticism, psychoticism and support utilization were the main factors affecting the psychological stress of oil workers. Conclusion The oil workers have some mental health problems and have their own characteristics. It is one of the important measures to prevent their psychological stress disorder from being moderately reduce the work pressure while enhancing self-care awareness.