miRNA是真核生物内源性基因编码的、长度约为22 nt的单链RNA,它主要通过与目标m RNA的3′端相结合,在翻译水平调控基因的表达。近年来发现,miRNA在类风湿性关节炎中与细胞的异常增殖、侵袭、凋亡等相关,并可参与局部病灶的免疫反应。现将对miRNA在类风湿性关节炎中表达、功能和如何参与调控免疫反应作一综述。 MiRNAs are single-stranded RNAs of about 22 nt in length encoded by endogenous genes of eukaryotes and mainly regulate the gene expression at the translation level by binding to the 3 ’end of the target m RNA. In recent years, miRNAs have been found to be associated with abnormal proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and the like of cells in rheumatoid arthritis and may be involved in the immune response of local lesions. The expression of miRNA in rheumatoid arthritis, its function and how to participate in the regulation of immune response will now be reviewed.