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消费是推动国家经济发展的三驾马车之一,而食品消费则是消费问题中最基本同时也是最重要的问题。基于实地调研,分析城镇和农村地区家庭食品需求和外出就餐情况,采用QUAIDS模型,探讨家庭食品需求的异质性。结果表明,东南地区家庭食品支出金额最高,为2 469.62元/月,江南地区次之,西北地区最低,为1 588.95元/月;其外出就餐支出与在家就餐支出之比分别为0.35、0.42和0.78。人均外出就餐已经占到全部就餐次数的1/5-1/4,并且每增加1次中式快餐消费,肉食类食品支出份额将增加0.19%,蔬果类食品支出份额将减少0.14%。各个地区横向比较结果表明,随着地理位置的南移,肉食类食品支出份额逐渐增加,蔬果类支出份额则减少:东南地区肉食类支出份额最高,为0.58,蔬果类支出份额最低,仅0.21;西北地区的肉食类支出份额最低,为0.36,蔬果类支出份额最高,为0.37。支出和价格变动对于各类食品需求的影响也存在和地理位置一致的趋势性,因此在决定生产和制定政策时应该考虑到地区差异性。
Consumption is one of the troika that drives the country’s economic development. Food consumption, on the other hand, is the most fundamental and most important issue in the consumption issue. Based on field surveys, analyzes of household food needs and eating out in urban and rural areas were conducted using the QUAIDS model to investigate the heterogeneity of household food needs. The results showed that the expenditure on household food was the highest in Southeast China at 2 469.62 yuan per month, followed by the lowest in Jiangnan Prefecture and the lowest in Northwest China at 1 588.95 yuan per month. The ratio of out-of-pocket expenditure to in-home expenditure was 0.35, 0.42 and 0.78. Per capita outgoings have accounted for 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the total number of meals, and for every additional 1 Chinese fast food consumption, the share of expenditures on meat foods will increase by 0.19% and that of fruits and vegetables will decrease by 0.14%. The horizontal comparison among different regions shows that as the geographical location shifts southward, the share of meat food expenditures gradually increases while the share of vegetable and fruit products expenditures decreases: the meat consumption share is the highest in the southeast region at 0.58, and the vegetable and fruit expenditure share is the lowest, only 0.21; Northwest meat consumption lowest share of 0.36, the highest share of expenditure on fruits and vegetables, 0.37. Expenses and price changes also have a geographically consistent trend of impact on the demand for various foods, so regional differences should be taken into account when deciding on production and setting policies.