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溢油种类主要包括船舶燃料油和原油,二者性质的差异决定了鉴别方法也相应不同,寻求适合于船舶溢油的鉴别方法具有重要意义。在使用柱色谱层析方法对样品进行分离前处理的基础上,以气相色谱/质谱方法(GC-MS)为主要分析手段,对溢油样品和可疑船舶溢油源样品的多环芳烃油指纹特征进行对比,并在多环芳烃油指纹参数的基础上进一步进行多环芳烃内组成三角图分布特征与聚类分析研究,成功为珠江口水域某船舶溢油事故追踪到肇事溢油源。结果表明:取自丁船的油样和现场溢油样芳烃油指纹特征最为相近,是此次溢油事故的溢油源。受风化作用后的船舶燃料油中饱和烃类化合物数量稀少,且含量极低,不适合用于溢油鉴别,而多环芳烃类化合物较饱和烃类化合物而言具有含量高、种类丰富的特点,是该类溢油鉴别的主要油指纹依据。使用油指纹参数进行可疑溢油源识别时,充分考虑油品中有机分子所受风化影响程度的不同是风化条件下溢油鉴定的关键。因此,多环芳烃油指纹可以有效应用于船舶燃料油溢油的鉴别。
The types of oil spills mainly include marine fuel oil and crude oil. The difference in nature determines that the identification methods are also correspondingly different. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek an identification method suitable for oil spills in ships. Based on the GC-MS method, the fingerprints of PAHs in oil spill samples and suspected spill samples were analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) oil fingerprints were compared. Based on the fingerprints of PAHs, trigonometric distributions and cluster analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were further studied. The results show that the fingerprints of oil samples collected from Ding Shing and field oil-spiked samples are the most similar, which is the oil spill source of this oil spill accident. The number of saturated hydrocarbon compounds in marine fuel oil after weathering is scarce and very low, so it is not suitable for identification of oil spills, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are more abundant and abundant than saturated hydrocarbons , Is the main oil fingerprinting basis for the identification of such oil spills. When using oil fingerprint parameters to identify suspicious oil spill sources, it is the key to identify oil spill under weathering conditions by taking full account of the difference of weathering effect of organic molecules in oil products. Therefore, PAH fingerprints can be effectively applied to the identification of marine fuel oil spills.