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近年来，脓毒症越来越受到人们的关注，是新生儿死亡的常见原因。肠道是人体最大的细菌储备库，在多种疾病发生发展中起始动作用。抗生素的使用、喂养方式、分娩方式及胎龄均可影响新生儿肠道菌群的定植。近期的研究表明，肠道菌群失调可以激活不受控的促炎反应从而导致脓毒症的发生。脓毒症新生儿肠道微生态可发生菌群紊乱、多样性降低及菌群移位，导致其全身发生一系列的病理生理变化。该文就肠道微生态在新生儿脓毒症发病机制中的作用以及肠道菌群的影响因素进行综述。“,”Sepsis is a common cause of neonatal death and has attracted more and more attention in recent years.The intestine is the largest reservoir of bacteria in the human body, and it plays an initial role in the occurrence and development of many diseases.The use of antibiotics, feeding methods, delivery methods and gestational age can seriously affect the colonization of neonatal intestinal flora.The recent studies have shown that the imbalance of intestinal flora can activate uncontrolled pro-inflammatory responses and lead to sepsis.The intestinal microecology of neonates with sepsis may have flora disorder, decreased diversity, and flora shift, which can result in a series of pathophysiological changes throughout the body.This article reviews the role of intestinal microecology in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and the influencing factors of intestinal flora.