资本主义国家的政党制度,大体有三种形式:一党制、两党制和多党制。美国和英国是实行两党制的典型国家。“两党制的持久性是美国政治最重要的特征之一。”为什么美国形成了两党制而且得以长期持续性存在?这是研究美国政治史、尤其是两党制发展史不能回避而必须加以回答的问题。对此,中外学者曾作过种种解释,现综述如下:美国学者关于两党制长期存在原因的解析可谓众说纷纭。弗兰克·J.索劳夫教授将其归纳为四种说法。(1)制度论:持此论者认为,美国区别于他国的选举制度和政府制度是产生两党制和两党制长期存在 The capitalist country’s party system generally has three forms: one-party system, two-party system and multi-party system. The United States and Britain are typical countries that implement the two-party system. “The persistence of the two-party system is one of the most important characteristics of American politics.” "Why the United States has formed a bipartisan system and has long-term sustainability? This is an issue that must be answered when studying the history of the U.S. political history, especially the history of the bipartisan system. . In this regard, Chinese and foreign scholars have made various explanations, are summarized as follows: American scholars on the long-standing existence of the two-party system analysis can be described as divergent opinions. Professor Frank J. Soraud reduced it to four versions. (1) Institutionalism: According to this commentator, the electoral system and government system that distinguish the United States from other countries is the result of long-standing bipartisan and bipartisan system