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目的比较青年与老年冠心病患者危险因素及病变特点。方法选择冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者213例。老年组132(男108,女24)例;青年组81(男77,女4)例。回顾性分析危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点,支架植入资料。结果①两组中,吸烟、高三酰甘油血症、高血压是前三位的危险因素。青年组的严重超重率及高血压显著高于老年组(38%vs12%和46%vs21%,P<0.05)。②青年患者冠状动脉双支以上病变率显著低于老年组(53%vs73%,P<0.05)。青年和老年患者,严重超重者的冠状动脉血管双支病变率高达74%和94%,前降支病变分别占48%和40%。③老年组植入支架率显著高于青年组(85.9%vs56.8%,P<0.01)。④青年患者的急诊住院率显著高于老年组(37.0%vs12.1%,P<0.05)。结论吸烟、高三酰甘油血症、高血压病是前三位的危险因素,严重超重及高血压病在青年患者发病中起重要作用。长期吸烟和酗酒的老年患者,冠状动脉病变严重。青年患者发病突然,老年患者冠状动脉病变较重。约半数患者病变累及左前降支。
Objective To compare the risk factors and pathological features of young and old patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 213 cases of coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography were selected. Elderly group 132 (male 108, female 24) cases; youth group 81 (male 77, female 4) cases. Retrospective analysis of risk factors and characteristics of coronary lesions, stent implantation data. Results ① In the two groups, smoking, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension were the risk factors of the top three. Serious overweight rates and hypertension were significantly higher in the youth group than in the elderly group (38% vs 12% vs 46% vs 21%, P <0.05). ② Young patients with coronary artery disease above the double-branch rate was significantly lower than the elderly group (53% vs73%, P <0.05). Young and elderly patients, severe overweight coronary artery double-vessel disease rates as high as 74% and 94%, anterior descending artery disease accounted for 48% and 40%. ③ The implantation rate of elder group was significantly higher than that of youth group (85.9% vs56.8%, P <0.01). ④ The emergency hospitalization rate of young patients was significantly higher than that of the elderly group (37.0% vs 12.1%, P <0.05). Conclusions Smoking, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension are the risk factors of the top three. Serious overweight and hypertension play an important role in the pathogenesis of young patients. Long-term smoking and alcohol in elderly patients with severe coronary lesions. Sudden onset of young patients, elderly patients with coronary artery lesions heavier. About half of patients with lesions involving the left anterior descending artery.