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轴流式水轮机过渡过程中出现三种转换工况,即水轮机工况、制动工况和水泵工况。从图1可见导叶开启时,机组不带负荷其转速上升过程和导叶在大开度运行时突然甩负荷而迅速关闭的转速变化过程线是不一致的。导叶在突然全关闭瞬间,由于机组惯量使暂持较高的转速旋转,而不会立刻停止。这时水轮机处于暂态水泵工况。当导叶迅速关闭过程,同时出现惯性力,严重时还会出现反水锤现象。1973年在长湖电站的甩负荷试验时,发生了反水锤,
During the transition of the axial-flow turbine, three kinds of conversion conditions occur, that is, the turbine working condition, the braking condition and the pump working condition. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that when the guide vane is opened, the process of the speed change process of the unit that is rapidly shutting off when the speed of the turbine unit is increased without load and when the guide vane is suddenly thrown off during the large opening operation is inconsistent. When the guide vane suddenly closes completely, it will not immediately stop because the unit inertia rotates at a higher speed. At this moment the turbine is in transient pump condition. When the guide vane quickly closed the process, at the same time inertial force, severe water hammer phenomenon will appear. In 1973, at the load rejection test of Changhu Hydropower Station, a counter-water hammer occurred,