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母胎间的免疫反应涉及很多免疫学理论,其中胎儿不被排斥是一个很特殊的现象。此问题很复杂,有些现象至今仍不了解。本文拟从免疫学角度介绍这方面的主要工作及成果。早在1924年,Little提出胎儿之所以不被排斥是因抗原性不足。后来Medawar认为其主要原因是:(1)胎儿抗原性弱;(2)孕期母体免疫力低;(3)子宫是不受免疫系统影响的免疫特权器官;(4)母胎间存在着胎盘屏障。但事实上,胎儿的抗原性并不弱,在胚泡阶段已具有移植抗原。此外,宫外孕的胎儿可正常生长;非
Immune response between maternal and fetal involves many immunological theories, of which the fetus is not excluded is a very special phenomenon. The problem is complex and some phenomena are still unknown. This article intends to introduce the main work and achievements in this field from the perspective of immunology. As early as 1924, Little argued that the reason why fetuses are not excluded is due to lack of antigenicity. Later, Medawar believes that the main reasons are: (1) Fetal antigen weakness; (2) Maternal immunity during pregnancy is low; (3) The uterus is an immune privileged organ that is not affected by the immune system; (4) There is placental barrier between maternal and fetal. But in fact, the antigenicity of the fetus is not weak, in the blastocyst stage already has a transplant antigen. In addition, ectopic pregnancy fetus can grow normally;