背景和目的:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者常接受吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗。该研究旨在评估使用 ICS 是否增加 COPD 患者发生肺炎的风险。对1988至2003年间加拿大魁北克地区医疗管理机构所登记的 COPD 患者住院和发药情况,进行巢式病例对照研究,通过对 COPD 严重程度以及 COPD 的共患疾病调整,采用条件 logistic 回归分析,观察使用 ICS 与肺炎住院治疗的相关性。结果:175 906例 COPD患者中,观察期内有23 942例曾因肺炎住院,肺炎年住院率 Background and Objective: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The study was designed to assess whether the use of ICS increases the risk of developing pneumonia in COPD patients. A nested case-control study of hospitalization and drug delivery of COPD patients enrolled in Quebec, Canada, between 1988 and 2003 was conducted by conditional logistic regression analysis of the severity of COPD and comorbid conditions of COPD, Correlation between ICS and pneumonia hospitalization. RESULTS: Among the 906 COPD patients in the study period, 23 942 patients who had pneumonia were hospitalized during the observation period, and the annual hospitalization rate of pneumonia