我国现行的乡镇体制是在撤消人民公社基础上建立起来的。客观地说,乡镇体制在改革开放初期,对推动农村经济发展和社会进步发挥过重要作用。然而随着我国市场经济体制的建立及社会管理的专业化,乡镇一级政府在运行机制上,已不能很好地适应农村的政治、经济发展。在一些地方乡镇一级政府甚至成为农村的进步的一个障碍,可以说,乡镇一级政府的存在成为影响国家的发展和一个稳定的因素。笔者认为,现在建设社会主义新农村是农村千载难逢的发展机遇,研究和探讨乡镇一级政府的改革,无疑会给新 The current system of township and town in our country was established on the basis of the withdrawal of people’s communes. Objectively speaking, in the initial stage of reform and opening up, the township system played an important role in promoting rural economic development and social progress. However, with the establishment of the market economy system in our country and the specialization of social management, the government at the township level can no longer properly adapt to the political and economic development in rural areas. In some places, the government at the township level even becomes an obstacle to the progress of the rural areas. It can be said that the existence of a township-level government has become a factor that affects the development of the country and a stabilizing factor. The author believes that building a new socialist countryside is now a golden opportunity for development in rural areas. Studying and discussing the reform of the government at the township level will undoubtedly give new