早在1953年,我国就已开始应用顶管施工技术。当时主要用于外径大于800毫米的钢筋混凝土管的穿越,而且顶进距离也很有限。后来随着大规模基本建设工程的增加,在各种室外管道敷设中,越来越多地碰到管道、套管必须从铁路、公路、河流、建筑物、甚至城市街道之下贯穿这类问题。由于各种不开槽敷设地下管道的埋设深度、贯穿长度、土质、地下水以 As early as 1953, China started to apply pipe jacking technology. At that time, it was mainly used for the crossing of reinforced concrete pipe with outer diameter greater than 800 mm, and the jacking distance was also very limited. Later, with the increase of large-scale capital construction projects, pipes are increasingly encountered in various outdoor pipe laying. Such pipe jacking must run through such problems as railways, highways, rivers, buildings and even urban streets . As a result of laying a variety of underground pipe laying depth, through length, soil, groundwater to