牧草在家畜业、环境保护和土壤保持方面都有重要的作用。因此,它比其他的农作物有较高的经济价值。由于牧草种类的复杂性和传统牧草育种遇到的困难,现在人们已经认识到生物技术手段在发展改良牧草品种中的巨大潜力。近来我国在应用生物技术进行牧草遗传改良方面已经取得了许多成就,这为遗传育种的成功提供了有效的策略。本文就近年来生物技术在牧草遗传改良方面研究进展及其应用进行全面的综述,内容包括组织培养、细胞工程、分子标记、基因工程和遗传转化系统;提出了目前我国牧草生物技术研究中亟待解决的一些问题和进一步发展方向,如提高牧草的抗性和品质,建立高效的转化系统,功能基因克隆,转基因牧草风险评价等。 Forage has an important role in animal husbandry, environmental protection and soil conservation. Therefore, it has higher economic value than other crops. Due to the complexity of forage species and the difficulties encountered with traditional forage breeding, it is now recognized that biotechnological tools have great potential in developing improved forage species. Recently, many achievements have been made in the genetic improvement of pasture by applying biotechnology in our country, which has provided an effective strategy for the success of genetic breeding. In this paper, we reviewed the progress and application of biotechnology in forage genetic improvement in recent years, including the tissue culture, cell engineering, molecular marker, genetic engineering and genetic transformation system; put forward the urgent solution to the current forage biotechnology in our country Some problems and further development directions, such as improving the resistance and quality of pasture, establishing efficient transformation system, functional gene cloning and transgenic grass risk assessment.