党的十八大提出,初次分配和再分配都要兼顾效率和公平,再分配要更加注重公平。但是,目前我国居民收入分配差距问题仍很突出。在马克思的公平分配观的科学指导下进一步深化我国居民的收入分配,对于构建和谐社会具有重要意义。本文通过对马克思公平分配观进行深入的分析和研究,把握马克思公平分配观的内涵,从而探究马克思公平分配观对于健全我国收入分配制度的现实意义。马克思的公平分配观是在批判继承空想社会主义者和 The 18th CPC National Congress proposed that both the initial distribution and the redistribution should take both efficiency and fairness into account and redistribution should pay more attention to fairness. However, the gap between the income distribution of residents in China is still outstanding. Under the scientific guidance of Marx’s fair distribution view, further deepening the income distribution of Chinese residents is of great significance to the construction of a harmonious society. By analyzing and studying Marx’s concept of fair distribution, we grasp the connotation of Marx’s concept of fair distribution and explore the realistic significance of Marx’s view of fair distribution for improving our country’s income distribution system. Marx’s view of fair distribution is to criticize and inherit Utopian socialists