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为实现尾涡告警,保障飞行安全和提高机场容量,研究了飞机尾涡特性和激光探测技术。阐述了飞机尾涡的生成机理,利用解析模型和仿真计算研究了尾涡特性;给出了尾涡相干多普勒激光探测原理,设计了尾涡探测方式,分析了回波多普勒谱特性,并计算了尾涡探测精度。研究表明:尾涡强度与衰减等特性与飞机质量相关;其回波多普勒谱值反比于多普勒频移的三次方和飞行速度的二次方,而正比于飞机质量的二次方;基于1.5m脉冲相干多普勒激光雷达的尾涡探测具有高精度、远距离的优势。此外,通过初步开展的机场尾涡探测实验验证了激光探测尾涡的方法切实可行,性能优越。
In order to realize wake vortex warning, ensure flight safety and improve airport capacity, the aircraft wake vortex characteristics and laser detection technology are studied. The formation mechanism of aircraft wake vortex is expounded. The characteristics of wake vortex are studied by using analytical model and simulation calculation. The coherent Doppler laser detection principle of tail vortex is given, the wake detection method is designed, the echo Doppler spectrum characteristics, The accuracy of wake vortex detection was calculated. The results show that the characteristics of wake vortex strength and attenuation are related to aircraft quality. The echo Doppler spectrum is inversely proportional to the third power of Doppler shift and the quadratic power of flight velocity, and directly proportional to the quadratic power of aircraft mass. The wake detection based on 1.5m pulse coherent Doppler lidar has the advantages of high accuracy and long distance. In addition, the method of laser detection of wake vortex is proved to be viable with excellent performance by preliminary experiments of wake vortex detection at airports.