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在波导光学中,波的传播被限制在基片上的一层薄介质内,短程透镜是由成型基片构成的,最常见的形状是圆对称凹槽。有一种标准转换,它能将这个凹槽的短程射线路径与在径向折射可变的媒质中的射线相连系起来。因此短程透镜中的射线轨迹可以由折射透镜中的已知射线路径获得。如果把这个转换用于微波光学中已知的聚焦透镜,结果形成的短程表面轮廓变成一般公式σ=Aρ+Bsin~(-1)Cρ。因此,反过来也能获得可变折射率规律的通用公式。这就是求出的关系式Cr2|BC-2r1|BC(ηr)(A|BC-1)+C(ηr)2A|BC=0,η(r)是可变折射率。如果考虑射线传播的其它形式,例如无镜像过程(在微波光学器件中它被忽略),就会出现两种情况。第一种情况是折射率小于1的范围,甚至于包含有极点或零点。第二种情况是所求得的折射率规律未必是η,r的显式。对于第一种情况可以证明,即使是不可实现的折射率,仍可以获得可实现的短程表面。对于第二种情况,将特殊射线轨迹应用于集成光学元件后,按照此特殊射线就能设计装置。所导出的非显折射率规律被证明仍符合以上给出的通用规律。因此参数的说明是直接的,由此可导出所要求的短程表面。射线轮廓给出集成光学元件,这些元件与一些微波元件类似,比如可变功率分配器、定向耦合器、波朿混合器、魔T和环行谐振器。这些器件对一般微波和光电路都是需要的。
In waveguide optics, the propagation of waves is confined to a thin layer of media on a substrate that is made of a shaped substrate, the most common being circularly symmetric grooves. There is a standard conversion that links the short-range ray path of this groove with the ray in a radially refracting medium. The ray trajectory in the short-range lens can therefore be obtained from a known ray path in the refractive lens. If this conversion is applied to the known focusing lens in microwave optics, the resultant short-range surface profile becomes the general formula σ = Aρ + Bsin -1 (Cρ). Therefore, in turn, the general formula for the law of variable refractive index can be obtained. This is the relation Cr2 | BC-2r1 | BC (ηr) (A | BC-1) + C (ηr) 2A | BC = 0 and η (r) is the variable refractive index. If we consider other forms of ray propagation, such as the mirrorless process (which is ignored in microwave optics), two things happen. The first case is the range of refractive index less than 1, even including the pole or zero. The second case is that the calculated refractive index law may not be an explicit expression of η, r. For the first case, it can be demonstrated that even with an unrealizable refractive index, achievable short-range surfaces are still achievable. In the second case, a special ray trajectory is applied to the integrated optics and the device can be designed according to this special ray. The derived laws of non-apparent index of refraction have been shown to still comply with the general rule given above. The description of the parameters is therefore straightforward, whereby the required short-range surface can be derived. The ray profile gives the integrated optics, which are similar to some microwave components, such as variable power splitters, directional couplers, wave mixer, magic T, and ring resonators. These devices are needed for normal microwave and optical circuits.