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简要回顾了结构工程领域实验科学发展,在对主要试验手段进行评价的同时,也介绍了国内外在开发实验方法方面的研究热点。结构实验的发展与重大科学发现、技术突破密切相关,而在土木工程生产实践的体系中对结构实验研究的目的和作用进行定位,可以揭示结构实验学不同于其他实验科学的特色。结构实验学作为物理学(力学)的一个分支,其根本的研究目的是要定义和描述工程结构及工程材料的非线性性能,从而指导结构设计。对结构实验学的主要进展进行归纳和评价,讨论了结构实验学的一些主要研究问题,并对今后的发展和挑战及相关课题作了展望。最后强调结构实验学应遵循第一原理,尽可能地从基本力学原理出发探讨工程结构的关键科学问题。
This review briefly reviews the development of experimental science in the field of structural engineering. While evaluating the main experimental methods, the research hotspots in the field of experimental methods are also introduced. The development of structural experiments is closely related to major scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs. However, the purpose and role of structural experimental studies in the system of civil engineering practices can reveal the characteristics of structural experimental science different from those of other experimental sciences. Structural experiment as a branch of physics (mechanics), its fundamental research purpose is to define and describe the nonlinear properties of engineering structures and engineering materials to guide the structural design. Summarized and evaluated the main progress of structural experiment, discussed some main research questions of structural experiment, and looked forward to the future development and challenges and related topics. Lastly, we emphasize that structural experiment should follow the first principle and try to explore the key scientific problems of engineering structure from the basic mechanics principle.