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在重庆市石柱县坡耕地开展保护性耕作试验,探究其对水土流失的影响。于2015年在重庆市石柱县坡耕地烟田开展试验,采用顺坡起垄的方式,设置4个处理:处理T1(不种植黑麦草)、处理T2(垄间种植黑麦草)、处理T3(垄体种植黑麦草)、处理T4(垄体种植黑麦草+垄间种植黑麦草)。结果表明:垄间种植黑麦草可有效减少小区径流量58.66%~65.79%,小区产沙量62.50%~68.78%,硝态氮流失52.05%~57.22%,铵态氮流失51.03%~59.98%,总磷流失51.47%~65.88%和钾流失66.93%~69.33%。垄体种植黑麦草可有效减少小区径流量54.32%~61.59%,小区产沙量52.95%~62.98%,硝态氮流失63.73%~77.49%,铵态氮流失59.12%~67.81%,总磷流失62.84%~76.22%,钾流失75.17%~77.84%。垄间和垄体均种植黑麦草可有效减少小区径流量92.09%~98.25%,小区产沙量86.43%~95.91%,硝态氮流失87.89%~94.99%,铵态氮流失90.19%~97.06%,总磷流失81.99%~91.94%,钾流失91.52%~93.88%。整体而言,垄间种植黑麦草+垄体种植黑麦草处理对重庆烟区水土保持效果最佳。
Conservation tillage experiment was carried out on sloping land in Shizhu County, Chongqing Municipality to explore its impact on soil erosion. In 2015, the experiment was carried out on the sloping cropland of tobacco fields in Shizhu County of Chongqing Municipality. Four treatments were adopted for the treatment of T1 (no ryegrass), T2 (ridge-planted ryegrass) and T3 Ridge planting ryegrass), treatment T4 (ridge planting ryegrass + ridge planting ryegrass). The results showed that the planting of ryegrass in the ridge could effectively reduce the area runoff of 58.66% -65.79%, the area of sediment yield of 62.50% -68.78%, the loss of nitrate by 52.05% -57.22% and the loss of ammonium by 51.03% -59.98% Total phosphorus loss of 51.47% ~ 65.88% and potassium loss of 66.93% ~ 69.33%. Ridge planting of ryegrass reduced 54.32% -61.59% of community runoff, sediment yield of 52.95% -62.98%, nitrate nitrogen loss of 63.73% -77.49%, ammonium nitrogen loss of 59.12% -67.81%, total phosphorus loss 62.84% ~ 76.22%, potassium loss 75.17% ~ 77.84%. Ryegrass was planted in both ridge and ridge, which could effectively reduce the area runoff of 92.09% -98.25%, area sediment yield of 86.43% -95.91%, nitrate nitrogen loss of 87.89% -94.99%, ammonium nitrogen loss of 90.19% -97.06% , Total phosphorus loss of 81.99% ~ 91.94%, potassium loss of 91.52% ~ 93.88%. On the whole, the planting of ryegrass and ridge planting in the ridge was the best for soil and water conservation in the tobacco area of Chongqing.