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在灌溉和雨养条件下，研究了冬小麦Ｆ１组合的平均杂种优势和平均超标优势。结果表明，小麦杂种生态型在水地是以穗粒数为主，兼顾成穗数；在旱地是以千粒重为主，兼顾成粒数。灌溉条件下小麦强优势组合最佳配置模式为均衡型×多穗型；雨养条件下以多穗×多穗或均衡型×多穗型为主。小麦杂种优势正反交差异在水地不明显，在旱地则具有较强的正反交效应。旱地小麦强优势组合亲本不仅要具有高的一般配合力，而且要具有较强优势的特异性状。
Under irrigation and rainfed conditions, the average heterosis and the average overbalanced advantage of winter wheat F1 combinations were studied. The results showed that the ecotypes of wheat hybrids were predominantly spikelets and spikelets in water. Under irrigation condition, the optimal allocation pattern of strong combination of wheat was balanced × more panicle type. Under rainfed condition, the most abundant panicles × more panicles or balanced × more panicles were dominant. The differences of reciprocal cross between wheat heterosis is not obvious in water, but it has strong reciprocal cross in dry land. The strong heterosis parents of dryland wheat not only need to have high general combining ability, but also have specific traits with strong advantages.