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依据生态足迹方法核算了陕西省各市1990年～2008年生态资本,并对其时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)1990-2008年陕西省各市生态资本供需态势可分为三类:西安市、宝鸡市、咸阳市和渭南市为I型(生态赤字扩大),铜川市、汉中市、安康市和榆林市为Ⅱ型(盈余转赤字),商洛市和延安市为Ⅲ型(盈余转持平);(2)生态压力变化表现出高压力高速扩张(如西安市)、中压力中速扩张(如咸阳市、宝鸡市、渭南市)、低压力低速扩张(如榆林市、延安市、铜川市、安康市、商洛市和汉中市)的特征;(3)关中地区人均资本需求量普遍较大,但是人均资本供给量普遍偏小,陕北和陕南地区人均生态资本需求量较小,但人均资本供给量较大。因此,关中地区生态资本供需缺口最大。2008年,生态赤字总量占陕西省89%。其中,西安市是陕西省最大的生态赤字贡献城市,占到了陕西省的41.4%,咸阳市第二(17.7%),渭南市第三(15.4%),宝鸡市第四(13.2%)。
According to the ecological footprint method, the ecological capital of each city in Shaanxi Province from 1990 to 2008 was calculated and its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The situation of supply and demand of ecological capital in Shaanxi Province from 1990 to 2008 can be divided into three types: Xi’an, Baoji, Xianyang and Weinan are Type I (ecological deficit expansion), Tongchuan, Hanzhong, Ankang City and Yulin City are type II (surpluses are surpluses to deficits), and Shangluo City and Yan’an City are type III (surpluses are flat to surpluses); (2) Ecological pressure shows high-speed expansion of high pressure (such as Xi’an) (Such as Xianyang City, Baoji City and Weinan City), low-pressure low-speed expansion (such as Yulin City, Yan’an City, Tongchuan City, Ankang City, Shangluo City and Hanzhong City); (3) Per Capita Capital Demand is generally However, the supply of capital per capital is generally small. The demand for ecological capital per capita in northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi is relatively small, but the per capita capital supply is relatively large. Therefore, the largest gap between supply and demand of ecological capital in Guanzhong area. In 2008, the total ecological deficit accounted for 89% of Shaanxi Province. Among them, Xi’an is the largest contributor to ecological deficit in Shaanxi Province, accounting for 41.4% of Shaanxi Province, the second in Xianyang City (17.7%), the third in Weinan City (15.4%) and the fourth in Baoji City (13.2%).