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我国大气污染严重,能源是大气污染的主要来源。化石燃料,特别是煤炭又是能源污染的主要来源。在改善煤电燃料链环境影响的同时,加快发展核电是减少我国环境污染和温室气体排放的现实有效途径。不同能源产生的环境污染和温室气体的比较应是系统的、全面的比较。仅仅比较发电厂,甚至只说用电本身是不恰当的;例如有人说采用电动汽车就可解决污染问题,而我国电能主要来自燃煤电厂,燃煤电厂是大气污染的主要来源。采用电动汽车有可能减小局部地区的污染,但从整体上看有可能是增加了污染。以核电为例,即不仅指核电厂本身,而是指包括从开采→水冶→转化→浓缩→元件制造→发电处理→废物处置的全过程。全面的比较指不仅限于系统本身的比较,而且包括建造这些系统及所用设备和原材料生产的过程,即整个生命循环产生的环境污染和温室气体。
China’s air pollution is serious, energy is the main source of air pollution. Fossil fuels, especially coal, are another major source of energy pollution. While improving the environmental impact of coal-fired power lines, accelerating the development of nuclear power is a realistic and effective way to reduce environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in China. Comparison of different sources of environmental pollution and greenhouse gases should be a systematic and comprehensive comparison. For example, some people say that the use of electric vehicles can solve the pollution problem. Our electricity mainly comes from coal-fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants are the main sources of air pollution. The use of electric vehicles may reduce local pollution, but overall there may be increased pollution. To nuclear power, for example, not only refers to the nuclear power plant itself, but refers to the entire process from mining → hydrometallurgy → conversion → enrichment → component manufacturing → power generation treatment → waste disposal. Comprehensive comparisons are not limited to comparisons of the systems alone, but include the process of building these systems and the equipment and raw materials used, namely, environmental pollution and greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle.