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自从克里斯蒂安·巴纳德(Christiaan Barnard)和他的外科手术小组在南非开普敦把一颗尸体心脏移植给一名绝望病人使举世瞩目以来,差不多已过了20年。那次移植的接受者术后不幸只活了18天,就被一种他的免疫系统无法抵抗的感染夺去了生命。这首例心脏移植手术导致了一百多例类似的尝试,但取得长期效果的较少。外科医生面临着专家们在较早的肾移植领域中遇到的同一主要问题——人体不那么容易接受新的配件。经过约一年的试验,热情低落,心脏移植事业一蹶不振。研究人员提不出一种方法:既能抑制异体器官所激发的免疫反应,却不致剥夺身体对许多本来可以控制的感染的抵抗力。
It has taken almost 20 years since Christiaan Barnard and his surgical team brought world-wide attention to a cadaver heart transplant to a desperate patient in Cape Town, South Africa. The transplanted recipient, who unfortunately survived only 18 days after surgery, was taken to life by an infection that he could not resist by the immune system. This first heart transplant resulted in more than 100 similar attempts, but less long-term results were achieved. Surgeons face the same major problem that experts face in the field of earlier kidney transplant - the body is less receptive to new accessories. After about a year of trial, enthusiasm fell, heart transplant business slump. Researchers can not suggest a way to both suppress the immune response elicited by allogeneic organs without depriving the body of resistance to many infections that could otherwise be controlled.