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人的管理较之物的管理,难度大得多,方法与途径也多得多。有无形的,也有有形的;有直接的,也有间接的;有定量的,也有定性的。但是,尽管繁杂众多,归纳起来,实际上就是“提倡”与“制约”。这是两把万能钥匙,管理者如果掌握并运用好这两把钥匙,就可以打开人的能源宝库,释放出无穷无尽的聪明才智。 提倡与制约用于人的管理,是符合人的需要论的。人的需要论认为:人的需要包括物质需求与精神需求;人的需要是个人需要与他人需要的统一,必须坚持利己与利他相一致的原则,在抑制与淘汰少数人不合理的需要的前提下发挥与满足多数人的需要。精神方面的需求,有许多无形的无法制约的东西,比如信仰、理想、欲望、伦理道德观念等等,要通过提倡与引导,使之符合利己与利他相一致的原则。
The management of people is much more difficult than the management of things, and there are many methods and approaches. There are intangible and tangible; direct and indirect; quantitative and qualitative. However, despite being numerous and complicated, to sum up, it is actually “advocating” and “constraining.” These are two master keys. If managers grasp and use these two keys, they can open up the human treasure house of energy and release infinite wisdom. Advocating and restricting management for people is in line with the needs of people. The theory of human needs holds that human needs include material needs and spiritual needs; human needs are the unity of individual needs and the needs of others, must adhere to the principle of self-interest and altruism, and preconditions for inhibiting and eliminating irrational needs of minorities. Play and meet the needs of the majority. The spiritual needs, there are many intangible things that cannot be controlled, such as beliefs, ideals, desires, ethical and moral concepts, etc., should be promoted and guided to conform to the principles of self-interest and altruism.