外科手术是直肠癌最主要的治疗手段 ,但术后复发和转移则是导致手术失败的两大主要因素。一般认为复发的原因多数在局部 ,转移的原因则在于全身 ,因而如何降低和防止局部复发一直是外科医师为之努力的主要目标之一。在半个多世纪中 ,人们一直没有找到解决这一问题的答案。直至 Surgery is the most important treatment for rectal cancer, but postoperative recurrence and metastasis are two major factors leading to surgical failure. It is generally believed that the causes of recurrence are mostly local, and the reason for metastasis lies in the whole body. Therefore, how to reduce and prevent local recurrence has always been one of the main goals of surgeons’ efforts. In more than half a century, people have not found the answer to this problem. Until